Diagnóstico ambiental de veredas em Januária, MG

Abstract

This work was carried out having as objective carrying out an environmental diagnosis of the current situation of veredas located in Fazenda Alegre, municipality of Januária-MG, as well as proposing mitigated actions of the impacts found. Initially, it was carried out a bibliographic survey in order to understand the history of local occupation, the information collected were validated by temporal analysis of satellite scenes available in Google Earth Pro software, which also provided a better location of the area. For data collection, they were used a global positioning system (GPS), drone, camera and notebook. In the field inspection, access to the areas to be inspected was carried out with a 4x4 vehicle at some points only possible to reach on foot or with the aid of a drone, it was verified the current situation of the veredas, as well as the surrounding areas, to survey the factors and existing environmental impacts, through the descriptive “check-list” methodology, which consists of listing the degradation processes observed in loco. Subsequently, there was the compilation and interpretation of the data collected, enabling the elaboration of proposals for mitigating measures. They were inspected veredas Forquilha Nova (20 ha), Gentil (79 ha), Alegre (359 ha), Galho de Dentro (29 ha) and Pindaibal (731 ha), the impacts observed were erosion processes on side roads, presence of gullies of large proportions at the headwaters of the veredas, fences in a poor state of conservation, silting of water bodies, partial loss of native vegetation, earth damming in the vereda bed, little barrages silted up and without maintenance , use of fire and presence of planting in an area of permanent preservation (APP) of vereda. From the observed impacts were proposed mitigating measures , such as the implementation of more little rainwater harvesting barrages, underground barrages, dikes, palisades, terraces, bottom drains in gullies, fencing, planting of native species, adaptation for ecological side roads, maintenance of existing conservationist practices and involvement of traditional communities in the recovery process, given that social mobilization tends to promote a greater effectiveness of the suggested measures. It was found that all the veredas visited currently have significant environmental impacts, causing serious damage to this important ecosystem. However, it should be noted that there is a possibility of partial and/or total reversal of certified environmental damage, taking into account the effective implementation and maintenance of the mitigating actions proposed.