Análise do processo de regionalismo da América Latina em um "mundo multiplex"

Abstract

From the discussion on the end of the world order led by the USA, developed by Professor Amitav Acharya and initially presented in his book The End of American Order (2014), to explain the emerging world order, which at the beginning of the century replaces the international order liberal hegemonic led by the USA since the end of World War II, the purpose of this article is to answer the following questions: how is regionalism in Latin America (LA) a strategy for international insertion of countries in the region in the “Multiplex World”? How does it influence and assist in the redesign of global governance institutions and rules? The “Multiplex World” is based on the idea that US power is declining, there are multiple and important actors, culturally and politically diverse, global interdependence reaches unprecedented levels, and the emerging order is decentralized and pluralistic. Faced with the challenges posed to US hegemony in the first decades of the 21st century, the decentralization of the new order implies that the process of regionalism is an important trend, resulting in its fragmentation, but not its instability. This qualitative research identifies how the regionalist process marks the fragmented system of regional governance. The analysis it also shows that these countries see regionalism as a way of reacting to the privileges of the great Western powers, which, in their perception, abused the existing norms and rules in favor of their interests, and resisted institutional reforms multilaterals. Furthermore, in recent decades, regionalism has been perceived by Latin American governments as an opportunity to promote their development, strengthen regional power, their position in the global economy and international politics, and overcome transnational challenges and new threats.