Violência interpessoal e a questão de gênero: discutindo iniquidade social na ocorrência de trauma maxilofacial

Abstract

The differences between men and women go beyond the biological distinction of male and female, among other things there is the experience of health and disease, which is influenced by the asymmetry of access to social and economic resources that the sexist culture evokes among genres. This differentiated demonstration also impacts on urban violence and, consequently, in its implications for health, which makes essential dealing with the problem from the point of view of gender mainstreaming, particularly in light of the alarming rates both related to public safety, as to health services. The aim of this study was to evaluate the aggression victimization by gender, aiming at discussing the context in which can be inserted such differences observed. This is a cross-sectional study that examined 4803 reports of injury for assault recorded between the years 2008 and 2011 at a Family Medicine and Forensic Dentistry located in a region of northeastern Brazil. Data were analyzed from descriptive statistics and the application of Chi-square test; variables with 20% statistical significance were included in the logistic regression model to check for the factors involved in occurrences involving both men and women. To assess changes over the time series, the model of polynomial regression was used. For women, the logistic regression showed that the variables occupation, perpetrator gender, subject aggressor and instrument were significant at 5.0%. Among the significant variables is estimated that the risk of being abused woman is higher among those who were not employed or those employed/self-employee in relation to the retired victims; have been attacked by naked aggression and by another woman or both genders; be attacked by partner / boyfriend, followed by those attacked by former partner/boyfriend, for family member and in relation to strangers. The percentage of cases correctly adjusted was 78.0%. The analysis from the polynomial regression showed adjustment of females to the quadratic model, explaining 23% of the variation, with significant increase in the regression coefficient (0.004), with oscillations. There were no significant changes in males. The trend of increase of aggression in women demonstrates considerable risk of being characterized as victims of violence, signaling the need for more effective protection policies to overcome social inequities, which can be decisive for the occurrence of gender differences.