Aplicações das técnicas de espectroscopia de FTIR, de Raman e de RMN para a identificação e para o diagnóstico bacteriano

Abstract

Traditional methods for bacteriological diagnosis can be time-consuming and laborintensive, taking 4 to 5 days for bacterial identification. In addition to the lengthy diagnostic period, traditional methodologies require a significant workforce and materials, including the stock maintenance of sensitive substances such as antibiotics. Spectroscopy has been highlighting in microbiological identification, including techniques like FTIR, Raman, and NMR spectroscopy. Numerous studies in the literature report the utilization of these tools for both identification and antibiotic sensitivity testing, requiring minimal sample preparation. Spectroscopy techniques combined with artificial intelligence promise faster outcomes, capable of delivering results within hours or even minutes. However, the use of vibrational spectroscopy (FTIR and Raman) and NMR for bacterial diagnosis is still relatively unknown and underutilized in Brazil. Therefore, we comprehensively analyzed the relevance and applicability of FTIR, Raman, and NMR spectroscopy in bacteriology studies through a detailed literature review. After conducting specific term searches on the PubMed platform, 9 articles with FTIR, 62 articles utilizing Raman spectroscopy, and 6 articles employing NMR for bacteriology studies were selected. The three spectroscopies have advantages over traditional methodologies. Among these advantages, speed of diagnosis stands out, allowing for a more efficient and rapid start of treatment while maintaining excellent accuracy, sensitivity, and selectivity. As evident from the number of articles, Raman spectroscopy has more published works compared to other spectroscopies, indicating more advancements in bacterial separation and identification.