Testes de função dos músculos isquiossurais e postéro-laterais do quadril em jogadores profissionais de futebol masculino: dados normativos e efeitos da categoria, dominância e histórico de lesão

Abstract

Introduction: Hamstring muscle injury is one of the most common in soccer. The prevention and rehabilitation of this injury involve the assessment of hamstring function, which can be measured by the Single Leg Hamstring Bridge test (SLHB) and isometric hamstring strength test (Isoprone). The strength of the posterolateral hip muscles, which can be assessed using the Hip Stability Isometric Test (HipSIT), is also an important factor for preventing and rehabilitating lower limb injuries. Objectives: (1) to establish normative data for SLHB, HipSIT, and Isoprone in male professional soccer players; (2) to investigate the effect of categories (under-17, under-20 and Professional), lower limb dominance, and previous injury on test results. Methods: Cross-sectional observational study that included professional male football athletes. Results from the SLHB, HipSIT, and Isoprone tests were collected during the preseason. Generalized estimating equations were used to analyze the effect of category, dominance, and previous injury on the results of each test. Results: A total of 91 athletes were included. Professional category athletes achieved better performance in the SLHB (p = 0.00) and HipSIT (p = 0.00) compared to the under-20 (p < 0.001) and under-17 (p < 0.001) categories. For Isoprone, the under-20 category showed better performance than the professional (p = 0.001). The dominant limb showed greater muscle strength in HipSIT (p = 0.00) and Isoprone (p = 0.03) compared to the non-dominant limb (p = 0.02). Athletes with previous hamstring injury and history of non-contact lower limb injuries in the previous year performed worse on the HipSIT (p = 0.004) and Isoprone (p = 0.004) compared to athletes without previous injury. The effects of the previous injury on muscle function were predominant in the under-20 category. Conclusion: This study provided normative data for SLHB, HipSIT, and Isoprone in professional male soccer players. Additionally, test results may vary depending on category, lower limb dominance, and injury history.