Sistema eleitoral proporcional de lista fechada: um mecanismo de promoção da representatividade feminina no Poder Legislativo

Abstract

According to statistical data collected by the Superior Electoral Court, in the municipal elections of 2020, 16.5% of the candidates elected for the municipal chambers, were female. In the 2018 elections, 15.56% of the seats available in the country's Legislative Assemblies and and 15.1% in the Chamber of Deputies, were occupied by women. Ranking 140th (one hundred and fortieth) position in the world ranking for the presence of women in national parliaments, according to the Interparliamentary Union database, statistics suggest the inadequacy of the current gender quota policy in promoting female representation in politics, in particular in the Legislative Power. Starting from the presentation of fundamental concepts for the understanding of the political phenomenon, as well as the contextualization of the quota policy by gender in Brazil and passing by the exposition of the main families of Electoral Systems, this paper presents the affirmative policies for the implementation of gender parity in Legislative Powers of Argentina, Bolivia and Portugal in order to verify the possibility of promoting female representation in the Brazilian Legislative Power, ensuring women's equal access to political power and boosting their participation in public decision-making spaces, from adoption of the Closed List Proportional Representation System, pre-ordered by gender and with women's competitive position.