Uso do homoenxerto na implantodontia: revisão da literatura

Abstract

Bone grafts have been used routinely with satisfactory results. With the development of the technique, many products have been used to replace the autogenous graft, which many times can be limited due to the insufficient amount offered, with also the discomfort and risk of morbidity for the patient. The choice of the technique of homogenous bone from the bone bank, as a substitute for the autogenous graft has increased significantly. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to assess, by reviewing the literature, the effectiveness of the usage of the homografts in Implantology. Research has been done in the PubMed databank, with articles selected by using the parameters of rage of clinical success, rate of life of the implant, clinical analysis, and histological analysis. When comparing the diverse papers, controversial results were found about the usage of homografts for Implantology to the long and short-term. There are rates of clinical success at the beginning, but when the histological exam is done, the results demonstrate the presence of necrotic bones and encapsulation, without evidence of a new formation of bones. It can be concluded by the results of the analysis, that the homogenous graft presents a satisfactory initial clinical result, but later one, there are bone loss and necrosis in the long-term in the process. And even the authors who obtained a clinical successful result, are unanimous to declare that studies in the long-term are necessary to substantiate the effectiveness of the homograft.