Thermodynamics and phase coexistence in nonequilibrium steady states
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Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais
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Artigo de periódico
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I review recent work focussing on whether thermodynamics can be extended to nonequilibrium steady states (NESS), in particular, the possibility of consistent definitions of temperature T and chemical potential µ for NESS. The testing-grounds are simple lattice models with stochastic dynamics. Each model includes a drive that maintains the system far from equilibrium, provoking particle and/or energy flows; for zero drive the system relaxes to equilibrium. Analysis and numerical simulation show that for spatially uniform NESS, consistent definitions of T and µ are possible via coexistence with an appropriate reservoir, if (and in general only if) a particular kind of rate (that proposed by Sasa and Tasaki) is used for exchanges of particles and energy between systems. The program fails, however, for nonuniform systems. The functions T and µ describing isolated phases cannot be used to predict the properties of coexisting phases in a single, phase-separated system.
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Termodinâmica, Termodinamica de sistemas em não-equilibrio
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Steady-state thermodynamics, Gás de rede dirigido
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https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1742-6596/750/1/012004/meta