Promoção do autogerenciamento e autocuidado em pacientes com Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 ESF 5 Alberto Henrich Presidente Vargas, São Luiz Gonzaga - RS

Abstract

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is currently one of the fastest growing chronic conditions. It stands out not only for the severity of its complications, but also because it is considered a significant public health issue. Complications associated with Diabetes Mellitus can be classified as either acute or chronic. Considering that complications tend to worsen over time, early identification of these issues is essential for defining strategies aimed at their prevention. Health promotion and improving the quality of life of individuals with DM require effective behavioral changes. The analysis of patients' knowledge becomes essential to support the clinical decisions of the multidisciplinary team, in addition to being a strategic instrument in the implementation of educational programs aimed at promoting self-care and adherence to treatment. The main objective of this study was to identify and intervene in difficulties related to self-management of type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM2) among users of the ESF 05 Presidente Vargas Health Unit, located in the city of São Luiz Gonzaga (RS). The methodology used included three stages: situational diagnosis, literature review and preparation of an intervention plan. The situational diagnosis, based on the Rapid Estimation methodology, allowed identifying the profile of users and the main weaknesses in DM2 care. Twenty-seven medical records were analyzed and 10 DKN-A questionnaires were applied, revealing insufficient knowledge about the disease and high levels of glycated hemoglobin among patients. The literature review addressed the classification of diabetes, its complications and the importance of knowledge for self-care. It was evident that lack of information, low adherence to treatment and inadequate lifestyle habits contribute significantly to the worsening of the disease. Based on these findings, an intervention plan focused on promoting self-care was developed, with actions such as the creation of educational groups, psychological and nutritional support, medication monitoring, and strengthening ties with the health care network. The plan proposes specific strategies to address the main “critical issues,” such as low adherence to treatment, lack of knowledge about the disease, and inadequate habits and lifestyle. The actions are organized according to the Simplified Strategic Planning and aim to increase patient autonomy, improve glycemic control, and reduce complications. The work highlights the importance of interdisciplinary and educational interventions as fundamental tools for improving the quality of life of people with DM2 in primary care.