Modelagem e caracterização de células de Lítio de um pack de baterias para veículo fora-de-estrada em transporte de cargas na mineração: uma abordagem na equalização das cargas na célula

Abstract

First of all, this study aims to modeling the battery storage system for an off-road truck modified and adapted for electric propulsion, whose energy demand is approxi- mately 2MWh and 290 tons of payload. The construction of the battery module is essential to enable the implementation of the energy package in the real vehicle with adaptations and needs before its full operation in mining areas in Brazil for the trans- port of heavy loads. Part of this development includes the electrification project for off-road trucks inside the technological and innovation sector of the company U&M Mineração e Construção S.A, based in Matias Barbosa (MG) - Brazil. Another approach of focus and methods of work involves the characterization of the voltage curve for the lithium iron phosphate (LFP) cells of 40Ah and 3.2V, used in the construction of the pack of batteries implemented in the truck’s propulsion system, in order to obtain the parameters of the equation that governs the experimental model from methodologies applied to the voltage data sample of the cell being recharged during operation that take into account the simple resistor-capacitor electrical model or equivalent model. The expectation is, from the acquisition and treatment of the characteristic data of a real cell, to obtain validated parameters for the analysis of the load imbalance in the module of 160 cells and 102.4V of voltage, mainly during the recharge, which repre- sents a problem in the electric vehicle sector and context. Finally, it is estimated and proposed a future approach that includes the design of the load management system applicable to the model in a simpler, low-cost way and with the same performance as the energy system applicable to the off-road electric truck.