"Portela querida és tudo na vida pra mim": o "ser portelense" e suas múltiplas experiências de pertencimento

Abstract

This study aimed to understand how belonging is established within the samba school Portela. Specifically, it sought to identify the different ways of belonging that constitute and structure what it means to be a "portelense." Additionally, it aimed to comprehend the meanings attributed to belonging to Portela and, finally, to analyze possible relationships between this carnival-related belonging and football fandom. A qualitative approach was chosen, with an exploratory and descriptive nature, employing participant observation, field notes, and semi-structured interviews. Observations took place between July 2023 and February 2024 during events held at Portela’s headquarters (samba song competitions, rehearsals, and feijoada gatherings), in surrounding streets, at the official parade in Marquês de Sapucaí, and during the carnival results announcement. Interviews were conducted with six Portela members, using categories structured by Pavão (2005) as a starting point. The main findings reveal that the term "fandom" (although naturally used) does not seem to encompass the different nuances surrounding the carnival experience, which is marked by an identity logic of a suburban community, deeply embedded with elements of religiosity and devotion. Fandom does not dictate people’s actions, although it can be identified in certain moments. The notion of being a "portelense" is not limited to those who regularly participate in the school’s routine. I identified and categorized different forms that structure the "portelense" identity: untouchable portelenses, collectivized portelenses, outsider portelenses, and non-practicing portelenses. Next, I sought to capture the elements that give meaning and significance to this cultivated sense of belonging. Symbolism is evident and stands out in actions, representing both the "raison d’être" and collective identity. The eagle, the flag, religious expressions, the veteran members (baluartes), the immortal sambas, and the neighborhoods of Oswaldo Cruz and Madureira were the main symbolic elements identified. Subsequently, I aimed to understand the meanings of "being portelense" to reveal what constitutes a legitimate member. Having an emotional bond and knowing/fostering the historical elements of the organization are fundamental factors that portelenses must possess. It became evident that the notion of being a portelense is not necessarily tied to territorial or familial connections. Rivalry was a recurring theme; while samba schools maintain a harmonious relationship in which conflicts are not explicit, occasional rivalries among supporters of different schools were observed. However, these appeared to be isolated and specific incidents. It is common for individuals to frequent more than one samba school without this harming their relationship with their primary school. Nevertheless, there seems to be a limit to this engagement, which does not configure a dual belonging.