Economias externas, atributos urbanos e produtividade: evidências a partir do nível salarial industrial das microrregiões brasileiras, 2000-2010

Abstract

This study aims to identify the extent to which local production structure of a city enhances external economies of scale, implying productivity gains to their industries, taking the Brazilian micro-regions as a geographical unit of analysis. It is known that local productivity is influenced by factors such as that related to human capital, regional attributes, particular industrial features that impact on industrial productivity gap, differences in regional productive structure and, finally, by urban attributes as the presence of a centrality and the availability of complex services. The study uses formal employment data from the Transformation and Extractive Industry sectors of aggregated by segments of Natural Resources, Labor Intensive and Capital Intensive. The information was obtained from the Annual Social Information (RAIS), between the years 2000 and 2010. The estimates use static panel data model with fixed effects, which lets one to capture the time invariant possible regional differences. It also take the local industrial wage level as endogenous variable. The results suggest evidence of local externalities of the type location/MAR and urbanization/Jacobs, although do not indicate evidence of Porter externalities. The results for the urban attributes indicate, for its turn, that the Capital Intensive industries segment has advantage only if they are located in diversified urban centers, while the Labor Intensive industries segment can take advantage located in middle-size urban centers that are specialized in a few industrial activities. Besides, the results suggest that diversified urban centers do not influence the increase in productivity within the Natural Resources segment.