Aplicabilidade da aprendizagem diferencial na prevenção e reabilitação de lesões de LCA: uma revisão narrativa

Abstract

ACL rupture is one of the most studied injuries currently in the sports , due to its relatively high incidence (Kay et. al, 2017) and its short and long-term consequences (Von Porat et. al, 2004, Mather et. al , 2013, Niederer et. al, 2018). A particularity of this injury is that in most cases it is a noncontact or indirect contact injury (Della Villa et. al, 2020), which suggests that it should respond well to prevention programs. Although biomechanical patterns associated with ACL rupture are well established in literature, prevention programs aimed at changing these patterns through motor learning are still rarely studied. Recently, with the increased use of the Dynamic Systems Theory in the field of motor learning, theories that are based on greater movement variability have gained strength, one of which is Differential Learning. Thus, this systematic review sought to investigate the applicability of motor learning in reducing biomechanical risk factors associated with ACL injuries. The search was carried out on PubMed in September of 2023 and 4 articles were included in the study. The results indicate that differential learning and increased practice variability provide better results for reducing risk factors for primary and secondary ACL injuries than classical repetition-based approaches. The results are still scarce, with all included articles being published in the last 5 years, which indicates the need for more studies to confirm the findings and elucidate possible mechanisms.