O efeito da liberação miofascial no ganho de dorsiflexão de tornozelo em atletas: estudo de revisão

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: The fascia is formed by connective tissue that surrounds all neural, vascular and muscular tissue of the human body, resulting in the connection of bones, muscles and organs that form large networks throughout the body. Myofascial release is a therapy that involves low long-term mechanical forces to manipulate the myofascial complex to restore optimal length, decrease pain, and improve function. Decreased joint amplitude (ROM) is a common dysfunction in physically active people and may be a predisposition to musculoskeletal injury. The aim of this review study is to evaluate the effects of different types of myofascial release on ankle dorsiflexion amplitude (DF) in functionally active people. METHODOLOGY: Searches were used from May 2018 to May 2019, in the databases PEDro, Medline, Scielo, Lilacs, without language restriction. The keywords used were: Athletes, Myofascial, Release, Dorsiflexion, Tensegrity. RESULTS: A total of 18 articles were found, 10 in PEDro Base, 6 Medline, 2 Lilacs. Initially, the titles were read and 10 articles were excluded. Subsequently, the abstracts were read and 8 studies were selected for full reading. After reading them, 6 articles that did not meet the inclusion criteria and the study objective were excluded, totaling 2 articles selected for the study. In Jakob’s study, DF increased in participants with range of motion deficits after a single compressive myofascial release treatment. A single compressive release treatment may increase PD more than a single Graston technique treatment. Consideration should be given to adding compressive release to individuals with PD deficits. The other study presents the treatment with foam roller, static stretching and the two associated lead to an acute increase in flexibility. The combination of the two had an additive effect when compared only to the foam roller and static stretching. CONCLUSION: DF ROM is being increasingly investigated in clinical practice, so a range of resources can be used to corroborate the gain of increased ankle DF. Both selected studies showed positive responses in the dorsiflexion ROM gain. The combination of static stretching associated with the compressive roll had an additive effect compared to the two separate techniques and the compressive release technique had better results than the Graston technique.