Mucosite e complicações orais em pacientes sob tratamento quimioterápico e radioterápico

Abstract

The major complications from the treatment are tumor xerostomia,osteoradionecrosis, loss of taste, as well as fungal, bacterial and viral infections, in addition to trismus, changes in growth and development of teeth and mucositis. The purpose of this study was to review the literature on the occurrence of mucositis in patients undergoing radiotherapy and chemotherapy treatments. Mucositis is an inflammation of the oral mucosa caused by cytotoxic effects of chemotherapy and radiotherapy. It is characterized by painful sores on the mouth mucosa, edema,burning sensation, increased sensitivity and the areas that develop erimatosas white boards, raised, scaly. Several treatments are recommended for mucositis, such as cryotherapy and laser therapy, which vary with the degree of development of this complication: grade I observed a whitish oral mucosa, grade II corresponds to the early development of small ulcers painful. The level III represents the largest ulcers, as difficulties in feeding and grade IV, the disease becomes widespread in the oral cavity. In this context, the importance of dentistry is present at different stages therapies against cancer, ie before, during and after cancer treatment, since a correct monitoring can effectively reduce secondary infections such as bacterial fungal or viral infections, caused treatment of cancer, and promote the prevention of oral sequelae that can occur during and after treatment.