Interface da odontologia na equipe multiprofissional que assiste crianças e adolescentes com doenças genéticas raras

Abstract

The rare genetic diseases are chronic, degenerative, progressive, and even disabling. They are diseases often associated with physical, intellectual, sensory and/or behavioral limitations, most of affect children. Oral manifestations such alterations in oral mucosa, dental caries experience, limited mouth opening, dental anomalies, malocclusion, macroglossia and mouth breathing are common in this portion of the population. Majority of the time, however, these individuals have great difficulty in accessing adequate dental treatment. Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI) and Mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) are part of the group of rare genetic diseases that affect skeletal development (bone and articular structure). The concept of multidisciplinary care is widely discussed in health practices. One of the challenges for the health professionals be able be working in multiprofessional teams refers to the integration of the work team, encountering difficulties in this process, especially regarding the oral health team. This research aimed to identify factors associated with the fact that children and adolescents with rare genetic diseases are referred to the dentist by the multiprofessional team. The study was developed from a database whose information was collected in 2019. A cross-sectional study was conducted with a convenience sample of 87 children and adolescents with rare genetic diseases [MPS (n=26) / OI (n=61)] and their parents/guardians. The sample was selected from specialized medical outpatient clinics or reference services in rare diseases, from five Brazilian states (Ceará, Espírito Santo, Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, and São Paulo). The parents/guardians answered a questionnaire about the child with rare disease [individual and sociodemographic aspects (gender, age, skin color, family income)] and the child's medical and dental history (toothache in the last 12 months and indication by some professional to go to the dentist). The type of rare disease (MPS or OI) was confirmed by the patient's medical records. The child/adolescent was examined for malocclusion, dental anomalies, dental caries experience and gingivitis. Before data collection, three examiners was submitted an intra- and inter-examiner calibration process. (Kappa values between 0.78 and 1.00 for the clinical conditions investigated). After the calibration phase, a pilot study was conducted. The data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software (SPSS for Windows, version 26.0). Univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analyses of the data were performed, considering a reliability of 95%. The age range of children/adolescents was from two to 21 years (mean: 10.4 years /±5.6) and 17.3% of them had never gone to the dentist. The reason for most dental appointment was oral prophylaxis/preventive maintenance (62.1%). According to the parents/guardians, 29.9% of the children/adolescent had never been indicated to a dental appointment by multiprofessional team. Female patients were 2.67 times more likely to be referred to the dentist (95%CI:0.96-7.42). Children/adolescents with a history of toothache had a 7.74 times higher chance of being indicated by the multiprofessional team for dental care (95%CI:1.61-37.14). The study showed that female children and adolescents with rare genetic diseases and with a history of toothache were more likely to receive indication from the multiprofessional team to look for dental care. The present study found that female children and adolescents with rare genetic diseases and with a history of toothache were more likely to receive indication from the multiprofessional team to look for dental care.