Efeitos do rompimento da barragem de Fundão nos solos afetados da região de Mariana-MG: revisão bibliográfica

Abstract

This work is a bibliographic review on the effects of the Fundão Dam failure (Mariana-MG, 2015) on the soils affected by the tailings, with an emphasis on the formation of Technosols and their environmental and socioeconomic implications. The main objective was to analyze the pedological changes caused by mining tailings, identifying gaps in the classification of these soils within the Brazilian Soil Classification System (SiBCS). The methodology consisted of a systematic review of articles indexed in the SciELO, ScienceDirect, and Scopus databases, using descriptors such as "soil classification", "Fundão Dam rupture", and "Technosols". The results showed that the tailings drastically altered the physical-chemical properties of the soils, causing compaction, increased pH, and the presence of heavy metals, which hinders environmental recovery. It is concluded that there is a need for specific criteria in the SiBCS to classify Technosols, as the analysis demonstrated that soils affected by mining tailings have unique characteristics, such as high density, low porosity, and atypical chemical composition, which are not covered by the current system. The absence of specific guidelines for these soils limits the strategies for mitigating the impacts.