Múltiplas percepções da qualidade das instituições de longa permanência para idosos

Abstract

Introduction: Population aging is a worldwide reality that demands long term care. In Brazil, such care takes place in long-term care facilities and some regulations define parameters for its functioning. A conceptual model of quality of care in long-term care facilities to the Brazil context was not identified, which could guide the evaluation and monitoring of the quality of care. Objective: We sought to understand the meanings of quality of care in long-term care facilities in the perception of elderly, caregivers and technical managers. Methodology: Open interviews using the start question "What do you consider an ideal NH?" were performed from August to September of 2018 in private and philanthropic long-term care facilities selected for convenience in Belo Horizonte / MG. The data were analyzed according to the content analysis of Graneheim and Lundman (2004) and the theoretical reference was based on the Multidimensional Model of Rantz et al. (1999). Results: We interviewed 8 elderly people, 10 elderly caregivers and 10 technical guardians, from 04 private and 06 philanthropic. According to the respondents, there is an ideal nursing home, in which the focus is on the elderly person, who should be considered as co-responsible, active actor and subject of the care. Quality involves aspects of the internal context of the nursing homes regarding the work process and structure (dimensions: ambience, care, and staff) and the external context (community, state, and family). The scope of quality presupposes taking into account the physical and psychosocial needs of the elders, besides them skills, historical references, and feelings in the environment, in the staff work and the provided care. The goal of care should be the autonomy and functional independence maintenance and the well-being of the elders. Conclusion: The quality of long-term care from the perspective of elderly and caregivers is multidimensional and centered on the elderly, including aspects of the structure and work process. All actions of the long-term care should aim at maintaining autonomy and independence, the quality of life and the well-being of the elderly