MicroRNAS exossomais placentários relacionados à pré-eclâmpsia

Abstract

Preeclampsia (PE) is a complex and severe gestational disorder, characterized by hypertension and multi-organ dysfunction, affecting 2-8% of pregnancies worldwide. Recent advances in the study of placental exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) have highlighted their importance in gene regulation and PE progression. This study reviews the literature focused on exosomal miRNAs differentially expressed in pregnant women with PE compared to healthy pregnancies, aiming to understand their role in the disease’s pathophysiology and potential as biomarkers. Selected studies identified specific miRNAs, such as miR-134 and miR-486, that exhibit significant expression changes and are related to inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and angiogenesis—key elements in PE pathogenesis. The analysis suggests that these exosomal miRNAs may be promising in early detection and monitoring of PE; however, methodological variability among reviewed studies underscores the need for standardization in exosome extraction and analysis techniques. This review contributes to a deeper understanding of PE pathophysiology and proposes exosomal miRNAs as potential diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers for future clinical investigations.