Instrumentos econômicos aplicados à viabilização da logística reversa de garrafas de vidro não retornáveis em Belo Horizonte

Abstract

Among the challenges of urban solid waste management (MSW) in Brazil there are the expansion of municipal selective collection systems (SCS) and the implementation of reverse logistics systems (RLS) to enable the return of collected materials back to productive chains for reuse or recycling. Among the mandatory reverse logistics residues are packaging in general, as determined by the National Solid Waste Policy (Federal Law 12,305/2010). In the municipality of Belo Horizonte (MG), due to the expansion of beverage markets, non-returnable glass bottles have become a problem for SCS and, due to the lack of a comprehensive RLS for glass, this waste has been a challenge to urban cleaning services regarding the collection and environmentally appropriate disposal of this material. Thus, the aims of this thesis was to propose economic instruments applicable to the viability of the reverse logistics of non-returnable glass bottles in postconsumption in Belo Horizonte (MG), reducing the economic and environmental impacts that they cause to the public urban cleaning system. The methodology included the consultation of data and secondary information in the literature; field research to collect primary data on the potential of domestic generation and large generators in the mentioned municipality; and the analysis of phases 1 and 2 to select the appropriate instruments to develop the reverse logistics of glass waste viable in Belo Horizonte. The results of the research allowed to characterize the SCS Belo Horizonte and the problem of glass waste for this municipality, and then propose economic instruments potentially capable of enabling the reverse logistics of non-returnable glass bottles used in the filling of alcoholic beverages. The economic instruments selected were: regulations; tax instruments; voluntary special collection agreements; payments for environmental services; support and investments in environmental education; and public policies for the recycling business sector in the municipality and metropolitan region.