Associação de disfunção temporomandibular com fatores sociodemográficos, saúde geral e condições bucais em adolescentes

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the association between sociodemographic, general health, and oral conditions with TMD in adolescents. This cross-sectional study was approved by the research ethics committee of the Federal University of Minas Gerais. Ninety adolescents between 13 and 18 years old, who accepted and the parents/guardians consented, participated in the study. The diagnosis of TMD was obtained by the Research Diagnosis Criteria for Temporomandibular disease (RDC / TMD) Axis I instrument. The diagnoses of chronic pain, depression, the presence of non-specific physical symptoms including pain and generalized anxiety disorder were obtained by the RDC / TMD Axis II. The feeling of happiness was measured using the Subjective Happiness Scale. Patients were examined clinically for other oral conditions, and patients and their parents/guardians answered sociodemographic, economic, and general health questionnaires. Descriptive statistics were performed, using the chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, Mann Whitney test, and simple and multiple logistic regression models. The prevalence of TMD was 42% (95% CI: 31-53), with 23 (57.5%) girls and 17 (42.5%) boys reporting symptoms. The most prevalent diagnoses were joint disorders (34% on the right side and 27% on the left side), followed by muscle disorders (16%) and disc displacement (7% for both sides). In Axis II, the most prevalent diagnosis was depression (46%), followed by non-specific physical symptoms including pain (45%) and generalized anxiety disorder (41%); the prevalence of chronic pain was 27%. In the multiple model, TMD was associated with the use of medication in the last year (p=0.020), having suffered dental trauma (p=0.030), and ethnicity (self-report) (p=0.040). There was a tendency of TMD to be associated with probable waking bruxism (p=0.053). TMD is associated with the use of medications, having suffered dental trauma, and ethnicity. These results show that sociodemographic, general health, and clinical factors are involved in this pathogenesis. Further studies with representative samples are necessary to confirm these findings.