Sistemática Filogenética de Paratelmatobiinae Ohler & Dubois (2012) (Anura: Leptodactylidae)

Abstract

Paratelmatobiinae is a Leptodactylidae subfamily composed by tiny endemic frogs from Brazil that inhabit the Cerrado and Atlantic Forest biomes. Currently is composed by 14 species distributed in four genera, Crossodactylodes (five species), Paratelmatobius (seven species), Rupirana (one species), and Scythrophrys (one species). Despite the recent progress in the subfamily species sampling for external morphology and phylogenetic studies, some internal morphology shortfalls still remain. The present work aims to address part of this problem and provide information about soft tissues gross anatomy and osteology, combining this new information with external morphology, behavioral and molecular data already available in the literature to make a total evidence matrix. This will contribute to the understanding of the phenotypic data for the subfamily phylogenetics and the character evolution in the clades. Eleven species were sampled in Paratelmatobiinae (ingroup); five in Leptodactylinae; six in Leiuperinae; and one in Cycloramphidae (outgroup). 224 morphological and behavioral characters were proposed and combined with molecular sequences (three mitochondrial and four nuclear). The phylogenetic analysis was performed under the Parsimony criterion. The internal relationships recovered in Paratelmatobiinae were the same found in previous studies with variable support. New morphological synapomorphies were proposed to support the internal clades of Paratelmatobiinae and new phylogenetic positions hypothesized for Crossodactylodes pintoi and Paratelmatobius lutzii. Nevertheless, some phylogenetic relations still need elucidation (e.g. Paratelmatobius mantiqueira) and the data enhancement of some poorly sampled species can reveal new phylogenetic topologies and synapomorphies.