Pré-eclâmpsia: qualificação da assistência de enfermagem a gestantes com pré-eclâmpsia

Abstract

During pregnancy, the maternal organism undergoes various physiological changes that support the growing baby and prepare for childbirth. Pregnancy, although it is a normal occurrence in women's lives, may bring changes that bring risks to her and her baby, with big repercussions. Approximately 20% of pregnant women are more likely to develop unfavorably, the present study discussed nursing care in patients with a history of preeclampsia, a disorder that may occur after the twentieth gestational week, during delivery and up to 48 hours post childbirth. It affects about 5-8% of all pregnancies and is a rapidly progressing condition characterized by increased blood pressure (BP) and the presence of proteinuria. Some signs may be indicative of this condition, such as: presence of edema mainly on the face, around the eyes and hands, marked weight gain, nausea and / or vomiting, epigastric pain radiating to upper limbs, headache and visual changes ( blurred and / or blurred vision); hyperreflexia, tachypnea and anxiety. For all these symptoms, professionals need to be prepared to follow the delivery period, knowing all the signs so that they can pass on to the pregnant woman the confidence, security and good assistance. However, often the disease evolves silently, that is, without indicative signs and even with this type of evolution, the nursing needs are prepared to know how to perform each appropriate course for each case. One of the objectives of this study is to improve nursing care, to implant a standard protocol in the Maternity Hospital of the Carvalho Beltrão Hospital in order to perform the appropriate nursing professionals' conducts and to monitor the progressive improvement of childbirth by improving the ethical and professional conduct of each employee. It was concluded that for preeclampsia care, early diagnosis, through obstetric follow-up, allows maternal and fetal evaluation, ensuring a good prognosis