Alterações microscópicas em dentes de gatos com complexo gengivoestomatite – faringite felino, doença periodontal e lesão de reabsorção odontoclástica felina submetida à exodontia: análise individual e comparativa

Abstract

The main objective of this study was to perform an individual and comparative analysis of microscopic dental alterations in cats affected by three groups of diseases: Feline Gingivostomatitis-Pharyngitis Complex (FGPC), Periodontal Disease (PD) and Odontoclastic Resorption Lesion (FORL). The teeth were extracted as part of the treatment, fixed in 10% formalin, decalcified and processed by the paraffin embedding technique. Histological sections of 5 µm stained with hematoxylin and eosin were analyzed. In addition to the frequency analysis, regarding the profile of the animals in relation to breed, sex and age, histopathological analysis was also performed on 868 teeth of different types, with or without macroscopic lesions, extracted from 158 cats, of which 60 cats (602 teeth) were from the FGPC group, 51 cats (167 teeth) from the PD group and 47 cats (99 teeth) from the FORL group. The following results are presented in % of affected animals - % of affected teeth, for each microscopic lesion. Regarding FGPC, the most frequent dentin lesions were tubular ectasia (93.3%-61.0%) and necrosis (88.3% - 50.2%). Necrosis of the pulp cavity was observed in 36.7% of the animals and 28.2% of the teeth. In the cementum, hypercementosis (100% - 73.1%), cementoblastic hypertrophy (100% - 68.8%) and foci of necrosis (96.7% - 74.4%) were the most frequent. Regarding PD, plaque and/or dental calculus were identified in 100% of the animals and 91.1% of the teeth. Dentin resorption cavities associated with dental calculus (89.8% - 64.3%) and tubular ectasia (93.9% - 88.7%) were also observed. In the pulp cavity, the most frequent lesions were necrosis (40.8% - 23.8%) and fibrosis (20.4% - 6.5%). Hypercementosis (89.8% - 82.7%), cementoblastic hypertrophy and/or hyperplasia (89.8% - 75.6%) and foci of necrosis (85.7% - 76.2%) were the most frequent lesions in the cementum. Regarding FORL, the main dentin lesion were tubular ectasia (84.1% - 71.7%) and osteodentin (72.7% - 56.6%). In the cementum, foci of necrosis (65.9% - 47.5%), hypercementosis (59.1% - 44.4%) and osteocementum (59.1% - 48.5%) were observed. Foci of odontoclastic resorption were detected in 54.5% of the animals and in 36.4% of the teeth. In conclusion, teeth of cats with FGPC, DP and FORL, with or without macroscopic lesions, present microscopic lesions that can contribute to the patient's pain and discomfort. Regardless of the type of disease, lesions in dentin and cementum were more frequent compared to those in the pulp cavity, and dentin tubular ectasia, hypercementosis and cementum necrosis were highly frequent. However, dentin necrosis was a more evident alteration in teeth of cats with FGPC, while osteodentin and osteocementum were more observed in teeth of cats with FORL.