Fundamentos neurobiológicos do ensino e da aprendizagem

Abstract

Education is the development of an individual through the process of teaching and learning, which makes possible the acquisition of new behaviors, potentially transforming one’s life. The studies on neurosciences have great relevance for education, as all human behavior requires the nervous system as biological substratum. This work, carried through a bibliographical review, presents some neurobiological basis of the teaching-learning process - the morphological and functional structure of the nervous system, the receptive periods of the development, the influence of genetic and environmental factors, the phenomenon of neuroplasticity and some aspects of the human cognition. The knowledge of these fundamentals excites the reflection, even though incipient, on the validity of Piaget’s and Vygotsky’s theories and on factors that influence learning as well as those that would contribute for better effectiveness of the work in the scope of education, suggesting the necessity of thinking about education as the individual development for living.