Recomendações para prevenção de úlcera por pressão na região da pelve de pacientes em uso de ventilação mecânica

Abstract

In the ICU, the patient on mechanical ventilation should be maintained with head elevated 30 to 45, as a preventive measure for Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia. However, the semi-reclined position provides significant increase friction and shear forces in the region of the pelvis, increasing the occurrence of pressure ulcers (PU). The aim of the study was to establish evidence-based recommendations for the prevention of pressure ulcers in the pelvis of patients on mechanical ventilation. The theoretical and methodological framework was Evidence-Based Practice and Integrative Review. The sample was composed of two nurses authors of articles published in 2008 and 2011. The analysis allowed the development of 18 recommendations, classified as level III evidence (13) and VI (05), arranged in five groups: position change (05), positioning of the patient (03), angulation of the headboard (03 ), use of mattresses (02) and skin care (05). This research allowed us to establish important recommendations for developing a safe and effective care, to prevent the emergence of adverse event that is UP in the pelvis, and identify the need for development of better research outlined that provide internal and external validity of future studies, and their findings may enable the development of recommendations with the strongest evidence for clinical practice.