Alimentação escolar na rede pública de ensino básico: um olhar sobre os resultados da implementação do PNAE nas capitais brasileiras

Abstract

The school feeding policy, which is implemented by the National School Feeding Programme (PNAE) - is one of the oldest social programmes in the country and it is fully important for the care of students in the public-school system, considering such enormous social and regional inequalities peculiar to Brazilian federalism. The implementation of this policy takes different forms in models on decentralization of management adopted by local governments who assume the implementation of the program. Thus, the present research aimed to analyze the effects on the implementation of the PNAE, produced by different modalities of decentralization, based on the classification of parameters represented in terms of mobilized technical capacities, financial efficiency and social accountability, for the purpose to identify similarities and differences in these models and their implications for the quality of politics. For this, we assume that different combinations of decentralization tend to produce different results for local political life, as well as different results in specific policies. The methodological proposal consists of a qualitative analysis on the management of the PNAE, from 2013 to 2015, in terms of the results of its operational framework in the public-school system in Brazilian capitals, comparing them and taking, as independent variable, the different management models chosen in each municipal sphere: centralized model, decentralized model, mixed models, which can be insourced or outsourced ones. The dependent variable had as markers the mechanisms of accountability, the mobilized technical capacities and the financial efficiency of the Program, measured by parameters and indicators. The data source of the selected indicators were available by the Public Account Management System (SiGPC) of the National Fund for Development of Education, by a questionnaire answered by the School Feeding Council (CAE) and by the Executing Agency (Municipal Secretariat of Education), as well as other information devices of this system. As result, the proposed research has allowed us to conclude that the management models of this policy in capitals, due to the small scope of analysis, do not translate the complexity of federative relations in Brazil, but it allows us to realize that, in terms of its implementation, there are still obstacles that need to be solved for their effective service.