Estudo de solventes de baixa toxicidade em substituição ao xileno para a formulação de vernizes utilizados na conservação e restauro de pinturas e de esculturas policromadas

Abstract

Potential solvents or solvency systems were evaluated for the formulation of varnishes composed of four resins: Damar, Laropal K80®, Paraloid B72® and Regalrez 1094®, used in Conservation-Restoration procedures for paintings and polychrome sculptures. With the objective of finding solvents with less toxicity and equal or superior aesthetic performance in relation to the aromatic solvent xylene, the study considered the following variables: viscosity, vapor pressure, brightness and toxicity. The solvent isoamyl acetate P.A. showed satisfactory results for Laropal K80®, Paraloid B72® and Regalrez 1094® resins. The ethyl acetate solvent P.A. showed good results for Paraloid B72®. Damar, Laropal K80® and Regalrez 1094® resins showed satisfactory results with ethyl acetate (2.6mL) + cyclohexane (7.4mL) solvent systems. The formulation composed of isoamyl acetate (4.5mL) + cyclohexane (5.5mL) was adequate for the formulation of all four tested resins. All proposed solvents have lower toxicity levels than xylene.