(Re)visitando a Amazônia : Serra dos Carajás e Monte Alegre, estado do Pará : análise tecnológica das indústrias líticas dos sítios antigos da passagem pleistoceno-holoceno e do holoceno inicial

Abstract

The model of Tropical Forest Culture, elaborated by J. Steward and applied on Amazon by B. Meggers, in the 1940s for the Amazon occupation, didn’t conceived hunter-gatherer groups living tin the environment of the Tropical Forest, since it wouldn’t be capable of sustaining the human groups in terms of protein disponibility. The first sites dated from the Pleistocene-Holocene and in de initial Holocene (12,500-8,000 B.P.) were registered by the end of the 1970s, in Mato Grosso and Rondônia state, and since the 1980s, two other Amazon’s regions of Pará state have ancients sites: Monte Alegre (Caverna da Pedra Pintada) e Serra dos Carajás (Gruta do Gavião and Gruta do Pequiá), which helped boke with this model and inserted the Amazon within the discussions about the settlement of Americas. Within this context, these earlier and contemporary sites of Clovis Culture of North America reinforce the arguments of the radical group that proposes a pre-12,000-year occupation of the Continent and the unsustainability of the Clovis First model. In this thesis, the lithic collections of these three sites are (re)visited, based on the precepts of the French School and Technological Analysis, advancing the understanding of the productive intentions of human groups, their choices regarding the management of raw materials, methods and techniques. The comparison between levels and sites allows revealing differences and similarities in the treatment of old lithic industries, related to those of other regions of Brazil and South America.