Avaliação da função respiratória nasal em crianças e adolescentes com doença falciforme em Belo Horizonte-MG

Abstract

This study aims to review the literature regarding changes in nasal respiratory function in children and adolescents with sickle cell disease and the prevalence of allergic rhinitis and adenoid hypertrophy in these patients. The journals of the Medline database, via Pubmed published until January 2018, were reviewed through a non-systematic review, using the following keywords: Sickle cell disease, sickle cell disease, allergic rhinitis, adenoid hypertrophy, amygdala hypertrophy, nasal inspiratory flow peak, rhinomanometry, nasal obstruction. This study emphasizes adenoid hypertrophy (HAT) and allergic rhinitis as important respiratory diseases, with a prevalence of HAT between 30 and 37.6 in the general population, and in 55% in the population with sickle cell disease; and of rhinitis in 37.2% in the general population and in the population with sickle cell disease this prevalence has not yet been estimated. These pathologies alter nasal respiratory function due to the high degree of obstruction, which can lead to worsening of quality of life, hypoxemia and vaso-occlusion crises. The use of peak nasal inspiratory flow (PNIF) and rhinomanometry are recognized measures to assess the degree of nasal obstruction, but only one study using the PFIN was found and no study using rhinomanometry in patients with sickle cell disease. It was concluded that, although sickle cell disease is one of the most common hereditary diseases in the world; and in Brazil, its diagnosis is part of the neonatal screening program, further studies involving the alterations of nasal respiratory function in this population are necessary, aiming at an improvement in the quality of life and an increase in survival because these conditions can often be unnoticed by pediatricians and hematologists.