Teorias de calibre e modelos de unificação

Abstract

In this work we present a concise review of the modern approach to the gauge theories on particle physics. We start with a basic presentation of the fundamental tools for the precise understanding of the ways the models of Unification are built in the realm of gauge theories. Group theory, as well as a simple introduction to the powerful ideas of Lies groups are stressed and the indispensable phenomenology of particle physics is shown within a historical approach. The very important subjects of renormalization of gauge theories, quantization of the gauge fields, hidden and broken symetries, as well as a deeper understanding of the Glashow-Weinberg-Salam model of eletroweak unification and color gauge theory are deliberately avoided for further studies.