A cultura ameríndia e o México moderno e contemporâneo em ensaios de J. M. G. Le Clézio

Abstract

This thesis proposes a study based on the essayistic texts of Jean-Marie Gustave Le Clézio that address Amerindian cultures: Haï (1971), Le rêve mexicain ou la pensée interrompue (1988), La fête chantée et autres essais de thème amérindien (1997), and Diego et Frida (1993, Portuguese translation 2010). The hypothesis is that, as a critical writer and contemporary exiled intellectual, Le Clézio expresses his appreciation for otherness and difference by writing about Amerindian cultures that were silenced during the colonization process in Latin America, particularly in Mexico. His work highlights the importance of these cultures and their cosmic vision, demonstrating how they have resisted over the years and continue to resist in contemporary times. For the study of the essay genre, texts by Theodor Adorno, Max Bense, and György Lukács will be primarily used. The role of the writer and intellectual in society will be examined through the works of Palestinian critic Edward Said. The concepts of the foreigner and exile will be explored through the reflections of Julia Kristeva and Edward Said. To develop the relationship between literature and ethnography, the reflections of American anthropologist James Clifford will be employed. Finally, the study of the historical and colonial process in Latin America, particularly in Mexico, will draw on works by Octavio Paz, Walter Mignolo, Tzvetan Todorov, and Serge Gruzinski.