Impacto da má oclusão e do tratamento ortodôntico com aparelho fixo sobre a qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde bucal de crianças e adolescentes

Abstract

Objective: This study sought to investigate the impact of malocclusion on Oral Health Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) of children and adolescents who are presently undergoing orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances, as well as associated factors. Methods: A sample of 161 individuals between 10 and 18 years of age, from both sexes, was selected for treatment at the Orthodontic Clinic of the Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Children/adolescents answered the Brazilian version of the Child-Oral Impacts on Daily Performances (Child-OIDP), which is subdivided into 8 domains that assess the impacts of oral conditions on daily activities; parents/guardians answered a socioeconomic questionnaire; and the researcher collected information on clinical records and orthodontic plaster casts of the participants, such as the type of appliance, malocclusion (Dental Aesthetic Index - DAI), extraction of premolars due to orthodontic recommendation, and treatment time. Bivariate and multiple analyzes were performed through the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences for Windows (SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 22.0. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp.). Results: Variables that presented a p-value < 0.20 represented malocclusion/DAI (p = 0.032) and parental schooling (p = 0.184); these variables were incorporated into the logistic regression (p < 0.05). In the final multiple model, individuals with mild malocclusion (DAI ≤ 25) were 2.05 (95%CI = 1.05–4.00) less likely to have an impact on OHRQoL compared to those with more severe malocclusion (DAI ≥ 26). Conclusion: The severity of malocclusion was an important impact factor in the OHRQoL of young individuals undergoing orthodontic treatment.