Materiais educativos para o cuidado em saúde bucal: scoping review sobre os critérios de avaliação dos conteúdos

Abstract

Health education is considered a set of knowledge and practices aimed at preventing diseases and promoting health. In the field of oral health, an important aspect of health education, and the responsibility of the oral health team, is to support patients in gaining confidence in their abilities to care for their own health or that of their children. In this context, educational materials are considered important tools used in promoting health education, acting as a facilitator in disseminating knowledge and promoting selfcare through various means and media. Thus, the development of educational materials and their prior evaluation ensures that the content of the material is suitable for the intended audience. This study aimed to map and describe the available literature on evaluation criteria used to validate the content of educational materials for oral health care. The following question guided the scoping review: "What evaluation criteria have been used to validate the content of educational materials for oral health care?" The PRISMA-ScR guidelines and the protocol developed by the Joanna Briggs Institute were adopted. The search strategy was implemented in the following databases: PubMed, Cochrane, Web of Science, Scopus, Lilacs, and ERIC. Selection was done through independent reading of title/abstract and full-text by two researchers. As eligibility criteria, original studies or case reports addressing criteria, instruments, or indices for evaluating content of educational materials for oral health care for people of all ages, excluding university students or healthcare professionals, were included. Articles published from the year 1998 onwards were chosen to align conceptually with the guidelines and concepts proposed by the World Health Organization's collaborating group in the Health Promotion Glossary, which linked the concept of health to the principles of the Ottawa Charter and health literacy. In addition, articles published in any language were considered eligible. The search resulted in 6,999 articles for title and abstract screening. Of these, 75 articles were considered eligible, and after full-text reading, 29 studies were included in the review. A diversity of criteria and instruments was identified, which in most studies, carried out in countries of the American continent, were applied to printed and multimedia materials, targeting adults, parents, and caregivers, with readability, language, and design being the most evaluated aspects. This study mapped established and innovative criteria, instruments, and indices that have been used to evaluate and validate the content of educational materials used for the promotion, prevention, and care of oral health. Based on the synthesis of the scoping review results, a matrix of criteria was proposed for developing items of an evaluation instrument for educational materials in oral health as a technical product of this master thesis.