Estratégias para a prevenção de erros na administração de medicamentos em unidade de terapia intensiva

Abstract

Often, the media has published cases involving medication administration errors, occurring in several situations hospital. Errors in medication administration are a sad reality in the work of health professionals. Among the factors that integrate the hospital system, the intensive care units (ICU) are distinguished from other units by concentrations of technological resources and highly skilled professionals, for the treatment of patients in a state of greater severity and clinical instability and, consequently, low tolerance for diagnostic and therapeutic errors. The nursing team is at tip end of the medication system and these are the actions that translate professionals specifically for administering the drug to patients and observations of adverse reactions that may occur. This study aimed to identify strategies for preventing errors administration medication in the intensive care unit. The methodology used was integrative bibliographic review, which is a research method that uses evidence-based practice and allows the incorporation of evidence into clinical practice. Come up steps which are integrative review: identifying variables, the procedure for searching the literature and subsequently sampling, classification and evaluation studies included in the review and therefore presentation and interpretation of results raised. The search was carried out from march to may 2012, by means of consultations to database BVS and PUBMED using the keywords: “Prevention & control” AND “Medication Errors” AND “Intensive Care Units” AND “Nursing Care” for BVS, and “Medication Error”/prevention and control” AND “Intensive Care Units” AND “Nursing Care” for searching the PUBMED database. As a method of inclusion were used publications in Portuguese, English or Spanish, which between the years 2006 and 2012 that allowed the application and the level of evidence. We excluded articles that did not meet the study objective. We developed a data collection instrument (Appendix). 09 samples were identified as results, all in English. Strategies to prevent medication administration errors in the intensive care unit were: Competence and certification of nurses, Smart infusion pumps, Electronic prescribing, multifaceted programs, Role of the nurse in color coding of syringes used to enteral nutrition and incompatibility of these for access to intravenous lines and Implementation of a medication list standardized intra venous. The authors studied were unanimous that strategies to prevent medication administration errors in the intensive care unit are necessary, identifying the studies, both individual-oriented strategies as directed to the medication system. The administration of medications in the ICU is inserted in a complex process involving multidisciplinary and multifactorial causes, being seen in critical that healthcare institutions implement them, enabling greater interception of errors, providing greater security for seriously ill patient.