Marcadores metabólicos e inflamatórios após ingestão de sobrecarga de frutose: estudo cruzado e randomizado

Abstract

Background: Fructose overload consumption is associated with the development of metabolic diseases characterized by the presence of low intensity systemic inflammation. However, the postprandial acute effect of fructose consumption in inflammatory markers is not well known. Objective: To investigate whether the acute consumption of balanced diet containing fructose overload interferes in postprandial metabolic and inflammatory markers of healthy women. Method: Randomized, single-blinded, controlled crossover clinical trial. Each participant received a mixed meal (25% from the total energy expenditure) containing usual foods in the Brazilian diet plus a beverage sweetened with sucrose or glucose or fructose overload. Blood samples were collected in the fasted and postprandial (30, 60, 120 and 240 min). Results: Twenty two healthy women with 27.4 ± 1.2 years old and body mass index of 21.1 ± 0.5 kg / m² completed the three interventions. Serum glucose increased 30 min after food consumption of sucrose and glucose. The levels of triglycerides and total amount of leukocytes in the blood increased to 240 min after ingestion of fructose overload. Serum leptin concentrations were reduced in relation to baseline (30, 60, 120 and 240 min), regardless of the type of carbohydrate ingested. There was no statistical difference in the postprandial concentrations of cholesterol, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, adiponectin, resistin, interferon, tumor necrosis factor, interleukins (IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17) and eotaxin. Conclusion: Fructose overload associated with a standardized meal may promote hyperlipemia and acute inflammation, characterizing the existence of early risk factors for obesity and metabolic diseases.