Formation of spin and charge ordering in the extended hubbard model during a finite-time quantum quench
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Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais
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We investigate the formation of charge and spin ordering by starting from a noninteracting state and studying how it evolves in time under a Hamiltonian with finite electronic interactions. We consider the one-dimensional, half-filled extended Hubbard model, which we solve within time-dependent density matrix renormalization group. By employing linear finite-time quenches in on-site and nearest neighbor interactions, we find the existence of impulse, intermediate, and adiabatic regimes of time evolution. For the quenches we analyze, we observe that the adiabatic regime is reached with distinct ramping timescales depending on whether the charge density wave (CDW) or the spin density wave (SDW) is formed. The former needs to be slower than the latter to prevent entangled excited states from being accessed during the quench. More interestingly, in the intermediate regime, we observe an enhancement of the entanglement entropy with respect to its initial value, which precedes the formation of the CDW ordering; a similar enhancement is not seen in the quench toward SDW. Our findings also show that the breaking of the system integrability, by turning on the nearest-neighbor interactions, does not give rise to significant changes in the nonequilibrium behavior within the adiabatic approximation.
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Charge density waves, Entanglement entropy, Quantum phase transitions, Spin density waves
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https://journals.aps.org/prb/pdf/10.1103/PhysRevB.106.195405