Projeto minerário Pedra de Ferro: análise dos impactos socioambientais e riscos para a cidade de Caetité e região do estado da Bahia

Abstract

Considering that disasters involving failures of tailings dams in Brazil have become the agenda of discussion and concern for society, research the Pedra de Ferro project, by Bahia Mineração, in order to present the social and environmental impacts caused by the project for the city of Caetité and region of the state of Bahia.Therefore, it is necessary to conceptualize the mining activity and its importance in Brazil and in the study region; points such as regulations that act in this area; Classify the risks and potential damages arising from the mineral industry, especially from tailings dams; carry out a case study analyzing the Pedra de Ferro project through its environmental impact report and dam break study, and identify a public opinion in the region, as one of the sources of evidence of the extent of the project's social impacts. A descriptive research is then carried out from bibliographical and documentary sources, in addition to documentation by the mining company itself, which presents its proposal, which is crucial for solving the problem. Therefore, it appears that the impacts generated by the project are numerous and affect, considerably, the physical, biotic and anthropic environments of Caetité and region; its tailings dam is classified as having high potential associated damage, and in case of failure, the Pedra de Ferro mine dam can lead to overtopping of an irrigation weir, representing vulnerabilities and risk of disaster.