Uso das células tronco na periodontia e implantodontia

Abstract

The aim of the present study was to describe the importance and clinical applicability of dental stem cells in the area of periodontics and implantology. A critical review of the literature was carried out in the VHL Dentistry, PubMed and Scielo databases, with emphasis on the last 10 years. In the area of Periodontics, cells that must repopulate a periodontal defect need to allow differentiation into multiple phenotypes (cells of the periodontal ligament, osteoblasts, fibroblasts, among others). The possible use of stem cells obtained from the ligament itself or from other sources (bone marrow, for example) may be determinant for the periodontium to work at its maximum regenerative capacity and to achieve complete reconstruction of previously lost tissues. Clinical studies in animals demonstrate promising results, especially in the areas of periodontics and implantology. Thus the next steps will be human studies, evaluating the efficacy, safety and clinical applicability of stem cell therapy. Even with so many positive factors it can not be forgotten that there are still challenges such as teratogenies, which can develop during the regenerative process. In addition, there are ethical issues that may limit the development of research in this area. Therefore, further studies on stem cell isolation, the molecular mechanisms of cell differentiation and growth, and the breaking down of legal barriers are needed to further advance this research.