Metodologia para automatização da gestão sustentável da água em edificações pela interação do BIM - IoT - FM

Abstract

Global water stress has been driving the search for sustainable solutions in the construction industry. Measures have been adopted to minimize its environmental impacts, with a focus on reducing the consumption of natural resources throughout the entire life cycle. The integration of digital technologies, such as Building Information Modeling (BIM) and the Internet of Things (IoT), plays a fundamental role in this process, enabling the resolution of engineering problems and enhancing sustainability. Simultaneously, the improvement of facility management or Facility Management (FM) has sparked academic interest, aiming for operational efficiency in buildings. The study presents a methodology, based on Design Science Research, to enable water management at the building scale through the interaction of information from the building's BIM model and real-time water consumption data collected through smart meters. Data collection, treatment, and storage, determination of consumption indicators, development of management tools, and provision of customized analyses are among the research objectives. The consumption indicators and analysis criteria were determined through a statistical study using Shewhart charts. For practical implementation, a web platform prototype called AquaBIM was created, which utilizes interactive graphical interfaces to facilitate user analysis and interpretations. A concept test conducted under real conditions of use in a commercial building allowed for the evaluation and validation of the methodology. The test results demonstrated that AquaBIM generates important information to assist in decision-making. It performs three types of consumption analysis (overall, individual, and by activity category), estimates possible excessive consumption, and identifies leaks. The results showed a potential savings of approximately 15% in consumption. The analyses demonstrated AquaBIM's potential to meet the criteria for obtaining the international sustainability certification AQUA-HQE. The extension and generalization of the proposed methodology have great potential for future work, such as addressing different typologies and activities. Additionally, future research can expand the study to include the management of consumption for other critical resources, such as electricity and gas.