Geopolítica, soberania e hegemonia: o Brasil e a centralidade do território nos processos de globalização

Abstract

This article initially seeks to show the current ideas pertinence of some central authors of Political Geography and Geopolitics. This theoretical review aims to presenting the relationship between space and power from different points of view. Then we debate the classic notion of sovereignty, supported by the territorial State, and its contemporary definition. Currently the globalization processes impose cosmopolitan over isolationist visions, which leads the states and corporations to exercise the sovereignty and hegemony beyond national boundaries. In this sense, new cooperation, such as BRICS, Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), and the “rebirth” of the Eurasia via the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU), are crucial. Finally, in the third part of the article, we bring the Brazilian territory to the core of the geopolitical debate in its internal and international dimensions. We finally analyse the tensions of the country’s international integration from the oil discoveries in the pre-salt layers, that is part of the Brazilian Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ), known as Blue Amazon.