Evolução do impacto das mortes por causas violentas na esperança de vida da população de Manaus entre 1980 e 2009

Abstract

This paper aims to analyze the evolution of the impact of violent deaths on life expectancy of the population of Manaus (Brazil) from 1980 to 2009. For this, it was used data on mortality by sex, age and subgroups of causes (such as homicides involving firearms, homicides without using firearm and accidents of transport) from the Brazilian Ministry of Health Mortality Information System (SIM). A descriptive analysis was undertaken based on standardized mortality rates, by age, sex and sub-groups of external causes of deaths. To evaluate the impact of violent deaths on life expectancy, standard and multiple decrement mortality tables were constructed. In addition, it was used the methodology of life years lost proposed by Arriaga, to assess the impact of violent deaths in the age groups and, finally, it was developed an exercise of adjustment of life years lost, by relaxing the assumption of no mortality among ages, using a set of probabilities of death to observe possible changes in the years of life lost. The results of the evaluation of the impact of violent deaths showed that between 1980 and 2009, the male population suffered the greatest loss of years due to intentional aggressions, particularly those consummated with the use of firearms. In the last ten years, this kind of aggression increased its power to deteriorating the male life expectancy, with greatest impact at ages between 15 and 34 years. Among women, deaths due to traffic accidents caused the greatest loss of life years throughout the study period and, unlike men, intentional aggressions without the use of firearms produced a greater impact on life expectancy than that of intentional aggression using firearm. The results of the adjustment of life years lost did not alter the pattern of mortality, although there was a significant change in terms of life years lost due to violent deaths.