Duração do sono e sua relação com o consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados em crianças com obesidade atendidas na Atenção Primária à Saúde

Abstract

Introduction: Childhood obesity is the result of the interaction of multiple factors (genetic, individual/behavioral and environmental) that affect the family, community, school, cultural, social and political context. For the prevention and care of childhood obesity, a multicomponent approach is recommended, which includes the promotion of adequate and healthy eating and guidance on healthy lifestyle habits, including an adequate sleep pattern. Altered sleep patterns (short sleep duration and late bedtimes) have been related to excess weight and greater consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPF). Objective: Investigate the association between duration, time and quality of sleep with the consumption of ultra-processed foods in children with obesity. Methods: Cross-sectional study carried out with children aged 6 to 10 years old with obesity (n=138) followed at Primary Health Care in the city of Betim, Brazil. Food consumption was assessed through the application of the 24-hour Food Recall (R24h) referring to a typical eating day. The caloric participation from UPF (dependent variable) was analyzed, with high consumption being considered if intake was greater than or equal to the 80th percentile of the distribution. The explanatory variables of the study were sleep duration, bedtime and aspects related to sleep quality. Poisson Regression models adjusted for sex, race/color and age were performed. Results: 138 children were evaluated, 51.45% were female and 76.09% were black. The caloric participation derived from UPF was 41.37% (37.70-45.04). It was observed that 22.90% of children slept less than 9 hours a day, 17.39% of those responsible reported that their children wake up during the night, 56.52% snore during sleep and 36.5% have the habit of sleeping between 10pm-10:59pm. No statistically significant differences were identified between the high consumption of ultra-processed foods and the variables of sleep quality and bedtime (p>0.05). It was identified that the prevalence of high consumption of ultra-processed foods was 1.96 times higher (PR: 1.96; 95% CI: 1.01-3.79, p=0.046) among children who had shorter sleep duration (<9 hours/day). Conclusion: Short sleep duration is associated with high consumption of ultra-processed foods.