Avaliação da funcionalidade em pacientes hospitalizados com repouso prolongado no leito e suas repercussões nos três níveis da classificação internacional de funcionalidade (estrutura, função, atividade e participação)

Abstract

Prolonged immobility during hospitalization can bring limitations and dysfunctions in the organs and systems that can cause functional inability and decrease the quality of life. This functional loss can be measured through several instruments, such as questionnaires and scales of Activities of Daily Living (ADL), functional Independence and by the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). The physical therapy is a science that can promote recovery and preservation of functionality through human movement and has importante role in multidisciplinary perspective. However, even with prior knowledge of the impact of immobility in bed, there are few studies that assess the functionality of these patients, especially in the adult population. From this context, the objective of this study was to review the literature about functionality in hospitalized patients with prolonged bed rest and its impact on three levels of ICF (structure, function, activity and participation), both in adults, as in elderlies. The searches to this literature review were done in the databases Pubmed, Bireme, Peter Scielo and Google Scholar, Portal Capes and through the references of selected articles. This research found out 1836 studies,. After to use the inclusion criterias nine articles, consisting of two descriptive studies (observational and exploratory), 5 prospective cohort (longitudinal and observational), 1 prospective observational one cross-sectional cohort. All studies have shown that prolonged bed rest, directly affects individuals hospitalized with worsening functional, improving functional dependence associated with advanced age, declining performance of ADLs, with greater interference in the activities of self-care and transfers, mortality rate increase associated with hospitalization and decreasing of quality of life. This review shows the importance of early intervention and effective physiotherapy in the care of these patients through a holistic approach, emphasizing functionality.