Identificação de áreas potenciais de usos irregulares de recursos hídricos como subsídio a gestão de bacias hidrográficas

Abstract

Rational control of water use in a river basin is a key principle for water resource planning. However, many users use water without proper authorization, which can lead to conflicts over resource use and trigger government intervention. Therefore, the overall objective of this dissertation is to develop a conceptual model that integrates geospatial tools with the analysis of statistical and cadastral data. This model enables the identification and monitoring of potential irregular water uses in river basins, providing valuable insights that support water resource planning. This work was developed based on two main stages: a literature review and the development of a conceptual model applied to the proposed objective, comprising four sequential steps: 1º calculation of legal water demand; 2º estimation of water demand through land use surveys; 3º prioritization of river basins in the analysis of potential areas of irregular use; and 4º identification of potential areas of irregular use. The model developed was effective in prioritizing and mapping areas where potential irregular water uses may occur, enabling the rationalization of resources allocated to oversight through the identification of inconsistencies between land use and the existence, or absence, of legally authorized water withdrawals. In this regard, the application of the model allowed for the selection of 271 rural properties - out of the 3945 that constitute the analytical units of the model and are located within the study area watersheds - for further analysis, 13 of which were characterized as areas with potentially irregular uses. In this sense, the integration of statistical and cadastral data with geospatial technologies enabled the production of inputs that support the oversight process, such as the mapping of likely irrigated areas. Therefore, the conceptual model developed has the potential to be improved, refined, and scaled for use by water resource management agencies.