Perspectiva comparada das políticas e estratégias em segurança cibernética no marco de suas configurações nos países Argentina, Brasil e Peru

Abstract

This thesis seeks to understand, from a comparative perspective, the cybersecurity policies and strategies adopted by Argentina, Peru and Brazil. Through the methodology applied, it was possible to identify, systematize and analyze the elements that are influencing the consolidation of cybersecurity policies, as well as to consider how these elements are treated within the geopolitical specificities of the countries of South America, with the aim of consolidating an integrated model for South American countries. This study presents a relevant and contemporary context within two models: social and pragmatic. Therefore, it was decided to approach it under the guidelines of qualitative research, of an explanatory type. To understand the role of the State in cybersecurity and the implications generated in contemporary society, it was sought to analyze the logic of the different forms of interaction between the State and society, through the existing relationships between agents and the dynamics of public action in cybersecurity. To this end, the computational content analysis method was adopted, which included a total of 108 digital documents, 06 interviews and 28 individual questionnaires, thus forming our multiple context case project. Given the multifaceted complexity of the research topic, a State of the Art was elaborated, with the development of the American prototype case, contributing to the main concepts and conclusions of American defense and cybersecurity, although we affirm that the prototype case served as our laboratory. This stage allowed for the identification of the historicity, elements, and agents involved in the conception of U.S. policy and strategy, highlighting the Power and Domination Aspect as relevant to U.S. cybersecurity. In the second phase, case studies from Argentina, Brazil and Peru were developed. Due to the scarce production of official electronic texts on cybersecurity and cyber defense in these countries, other areas of knowledge were involved in obtaining the individual reports of each case. These reports were grouped and compared based on seven aspects: Threats and risks, capabilities and response, power and domination, geopolitical and diplomatic, sociocultural and organizational, socioeconomic and commercial, and technological and industrial. In the third phase, a comparative analysis was carried out based on the geopolitical specificities of the region, to examine the existing repercussions on the consolidation of these policies and strategies of these three South American countries. It was noted that the Sociocultural and Organizational Aspect is relevant to cybersecurity objectives, while the Geopolitical and Diplomatic Aspect is less relevant for these three countries. Therefore, it is recommended that the 7 aspects studied be adhered to in the development of national cyber capacities, seeking their implementation in the multisectoral cybersecurity strategies of South American countries. The present study sought to strengthen our inferences, enriching and innovating the research. Finally, the theoretical implications will be presented, with the aim of providing an overview of the political and strategic configurations in the field of cybersecurity in the countries of Argentina, Peru and Brazil.