Efeitos da administração oral de Bifidobacterium longum 5 1A em um modelo murino de alergia alimentar

Abstract

Food allergy is defined as an adverse reaction to a food antigen fundamentally mediated by immunological mechanisms. The foods most cited as causing food allergies are: milk, eggs, peanuts, nuts, shrimp, fish and soy. Several investments in research to reduce the damage caused by these foods have been developed. There is a growing interest in the use of probiotics as an alternative to conventional food allergy treatments. In this study, the effect of oral administration of Bifidobacterium longum 5 1A in the experimental food allergy to ovalbumin (OVA) was evaluated. For this, groups of Balb/c mice received two immunizations with OVA (days 0 and 14). By day 18, mice received daily saline or increasing doses of B. longum 5 1A until the end of the trial. By day 21, mice received a feed containing OVA until day 28 when they were euthanized. When received feed with OVA, the sensitized control group showed body weight loss, bowel tissue injury, increased serum levels of anti-OVA IgE and pro-inflammatory cytokines, intestinal sIgA, intestinal permeability and infiltration of eosinophils and neutrophils in the intestinal mucosa. The treatment with B. longum 5 1A at a dose of 1x108 CFU/ml reduced or eliminated these clinical and immunological signs and stimulated IL-10 production. The evaluation of fecal microbiota by culturing dependent technique shown in the group treated with B. longum 5 1A, a reduction in enterobacteria and an increase of lactic acid bacteria (in particular Enterococcus genus) and Staphylococcus genus. The acetate, metabolic product of Bifidobacterium, does not seens to be involved in these effects. These results demonstrate that oral administration of B. longum 5 1A could be an effective alternative in the treatment of food allergy.