Manejo da constipação intestinal: uma revisão de escopo

Abstract

Introduction: Intestinal elimination is a routine and necessary activity in the lives of all people. Some situations, such as sedentary lifestyle, aging, and impaired deglutition, are the most frequent causes of Intestinal constipation. Currently, the most commonly used treatment by doctors for the problem is the use of laxatives, which leads to side effects such as diarrhea, dehydration, pain and intestinal abdominal distension. Objective: To map the scientific evidence on the management of intestinal constipation. Method: This is a scoping review based on the recommendations of the PRISMA -ScR for Scoping Reviews international guidelines. The research took place between August and September 2022. Results: 3,426 studies were identified, of which 12 were selected for the final sample. This review found some measures used to manage and treat intestinal constipation, such as: nonpharmacological (changes in lifestyle, water intake, diet, vegetable oil, probiotics and prebiotics, exercise, gastrocolic training, abdominal massage, abdominal press, acupuncture, manual impaction); pharmacological (enema/lubricants, laxative drugs); and surgical. Conclusion: In this review, it was found that managing intestinal constipation should be carried out in a tiered manner, starting with nonpharmacological interventions. Among these, abdominal massage was the most used and showed efficacy. Keywords: Intestinal constipation; Patient Care Packages; Clinical Protocols; Constipation; Enterostomal therapy.