Necessidade e desejo: educação financeira escolar numa perspectiva da educação matemática crítica no ensino médio

Abstract

In this work we present a study conducted in the Professional Master's Program in Education and Teaching, at the School of Education of the Federal University of Minas Gerais. The objective of this study is to investigate and analyze the knowledge mobilized by high school students in situations/problems related to consumption, as well as to understand their decision- making in these contexts. To achieve this objective, a qualitative approach was used, which values detailed description, induction, dialogue and the personal perceptions of the students. The following instruments were used for data collection in the field research: (a) audio and video recordings, using a cell phone and a recorder; (b) field diary; and (c) written records during the development of a set of activities, divided into Moments. This study has as its guiding question: What knowledge is mobilized by high school students in situations/problems related to consumption and how does this knowledge influence their decision-making in these contexts? The study was conducted in a 2nd year high school class at a public school in the city of Belo Horizonte. Based on the research analysis, we concluded that students presented different perspectives, beliefs, and expectations regarding topics such as economics, money, consumerism, and advertising, demonstrating that they already have notions about financial issues, influenced by their consumption experiences, especially due to the significant impact of the Covid-19 pandemic and the insertion of many of them in the job market. In addition, the study showed that the cultural, social, political, and, above all, family context influences students' consumption decisions, shaping their perceptions about society, its functioning, and their future expectations. When thinking about the development of Financial Education, this research offers material aimed at the school environment. To carry out this research and as a proposal for the Educational Resource, a set of activities was developed, aiming at the development of School Financial Education from the perspective of Financial Literacy, supported by the contributions of Critical Mathematics Education. We developed an Ebook, which can contribute to schools, Mathematics teachers, and students, aiming to cooperate so that students can reflect and make conscious decisions, critically and autonomously when faced with financial issues.