Projeto de Educação Ambiental PEA-PESCARTE : análise do capital social em comunidades de pesca tradicional na Bacia de Campos no litoral fluminense

Abstract

This dissertation has as object of study the artisanal fishing communities in which the environmental education project PEA PESCARTE made intervention during its first cycle in the Campos Basin. The objective is to make an analysis of social capital with the data produced by the exploratory research called PEA Pescarte Census, conducted between the years 2014 and 2016. We adopt the approach of Claus Offe and Susanne Fuchs in the collection prepared by Robert D. Putnam in "El Declive del Capital Social", where, in chapter 6, an approach is made to the concept of social capital. The authors draw on several databases and find the existence of significant and lasting associative variations throughout the 20th century in the case of Germany. In the text, the concept of social capital is understood as a resource that can increase or decrease over time and that varies in each society. The authors postulate the existence of a positive correlation between levels of accumulated social capital and the quality of a society's administration and economy. Following previous theory, we postulate the hypothesis that traditional fishermen's membership in class or pro-community organizations raises their labor income. The data were interrogated through two rounds of log-lin models, including the endogeneity test, in which the response variable was the natural logarithm of labor income. We worked with the following explanatory variables: age, years of schooling, gender, fishing occupation categories, fishing colony membership, fishermen's association membership, unemployment insurance, and an instrumental variable. Inter alia, the main finding lies in the glaring difference between the incomes of men and women engaged in artisanal fishing activities. When controlled for female gender, the predicted membership in the fishing colony increases male labor income by 470%.